Keeping the battery, charger and loads inside the same band.
Battery, charger and load windows
Every device has a window; the system works when they overlap.
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Setting cut-offs and alarms
Set the low cut-off above the BMS trip point so the loads disconnect first.
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Voltage & sizing questions
Short answers to the ones that come up most.
How do I choose a voltage?
Set by the equipment — 12V small loads, 24V light traction, 48V storage and traction.
How do I work out runtime?
Ah x nominal V = Wh, divided by real load, minus 10–15% losses.
Why 12.8V instead of 12V?
Four 3.2V LFP cells in series.
What is C-rate?
Current relative to capacity — 1C on 100Ah is 100A.
Can I series different batteries?
No — same model, capacity and age.
