Matching inverter size to the battery, and vice versa.
Inverter surge and continuous ratings
Size the battery for the surge as well as the continuous load, or the BMS trips on start-up.
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Idle draw and efficiency losses
An inverter left on draws power all day; that idle load often decides the bank size.
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Voltage & sizing questions
Short answers to the ones that come up most.
How do I choose a battery voltage?
It is set by the equipment: 12V small loads, 24V light traction, 48V storage and most traction.
How do I work out runtime?
Amp-hours times nominal voltage for watt-hours, divided by the real load, minus 10–15% losses.
Why is a 12V lithium battery 12.8V?
Four 3.2V LFP cells in series; 12V equipment accepts the range.
What does C-rate mean?
Current relative to capacity — 1C on 100Ah is 100A.
Can I series-connect different batteries?
No — same model, capacity and age, or the strings unbalance.