Where the energy goes between the wall and the cells.
Round-trip and conversion losses
LFP returns 92–96%; the charger and inverter losses sit on top of that.
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Reducing losses in a real system
Short cables, correct sizing and reasonable charge rates keep losses near the theoretical.
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Charging & BMS questions
Short answers to the ones that come up most.
What charger does lithium need?
One with a lithium profile matching voltage and BMS protocol.
What does a BMS protect?
Over/under voltage, over-current, short circuit, temperature, plus balancing.
Charge voltage?
3.45–3.65V per cell.
Charging below freezing?
Not without a heater.
How do I check compatibility?
Voltage, current and protocol — if the charger cannot read the BMS it will mis-charge eventually.
