The arithmetic of capacity, current and time, without the jargon.
Ah, Wh and the conversion
Amp-hours times voltage gives watt-hours; that is the number worth comparing.
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Time, current and real consumption
Divide usable watt-hours by the real load, then discount for conversion losses.
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Voltage & sizing questions
Short answers to the ones that come up most.
How do I choose a voltage?
Set by the equipment — 12V small loads, 24V light traction, 48V storage and traction.
How do I work out runtime?
Ah x nominal V = Wh, divided by real load, minus 10–15% losses.
Why 12.8V instead of 12V?
Four 3.2V LFP cells in series.
What is C-rate?
Current relative to capacity — 1C on 100Ah is 100A.
Can I series different batteries?
No — same model, capacity and age.
