Reading a capacity trend, and what causes the drop.
Normal ageing versus a fault
A steady 2–3% per year is ageing; a sudden step is a fault, usually a cell group or a connection.
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Diagnosing a real drop
Check balance first, then internal resistance, then the charger profile.
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LiFePO4 questions
Short answers to the ones that come up most.
What makes LiFePO4 different?
Lower energy density than NMC, far better stability and cycle life.
How long does a pack last?
4,000–6,000 cycles at 80% DOD.
Charge in the cold?
Not below 0°C without heating.
Maintenance?
Terminals, ventilation, BMS log.
Safe?
The safest lithium chemistry in wide use.
