Why the percentage drifts and how coulomb counting fixes it.
Why voltage-based gauges drift
The flat curve gives a voltage gauge almost nothing to work with in the middle 70%.
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Coulomb counting and recalibration
Count the amps in and out, and recalibrate at a full charge; that is what a shunt-based monitor does.
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LiFePO4 questions
Short answers to the ones that come up most.
What makes LiFePO4 different?
Lower energy density than NMC, far better thermal stability and cycle life.
How long does a pack last?
4,000–6,000 cycles at 80% DOD — eight to ten years of daily cycling.
Can it be charged in the cold?
Not below 0°C without a heater; discharge in the cold is fine.
Does it need maintenance?
No watering, no equalising — terminals, ventilation and the BMS log.
Is it safe?
The safest lithium chemistry in wide use: no cobalt, stable at temperatures where NMC vents.