Why the voltage sits flat, and what that means for gauges and cut-offs.
Flat curve and state-of-charge estimation
The middle 70% of the curve barely moves, which is why voltage-only gauges drift.
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Cut-offs, knee points and usable range
Most of the remaining energy sits below the knee — set the cut-off where the pack, not the chart, wants it.
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LiFePO4 questions
Short answers to the ones that come up most.
What makes LiFePO4 different?
Lower energy density than NMC, but far better thermal stability and cycle life. That trade decides every application it wins.
How long does a LiFePO4 pack last?
4,000–6,000 cycles at 80% depth of discharge — eight to ten years of daily cycling. Heat and sitting at 100% shorten it.
Can it be charged in the cold?
Not below 0°C without a heater. Discharging in the cold is fine, it just delivers less capacity.
Does LiFePO4 need special maintenance?
No watering, no equalising. Keep terminals tight, the enclosure ventilated and watch the BMS log.
Is it safe?
It is the safest lithium chemistry in wide use: no cobalt, stable at temperatures where NMC packs would vent.
